Trump's 'Liberation Day' Tariffs: Fair trade or global trade war?

UN 2024 Peacekeepers Day banner - “Fit for the future, building better together” 联合国宪章 António Guterres Secretary-General of the United Nations InfosInfos I am the ninth Secretary-General of the United Nations. Since taking office in January 2017, my focus has been to mobilize people and push forward action to address the climate emergency, advance gender equality, and achieve reforms to enhance the UN's efforts to secure peace, sustainable development and human rights. Throughout my life, I have centered my efforts on ensuring human dignity for all; from my early work as a teacher in the outskirts of Lisbon to the years I spent as Prime Minister of Portugal, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, and now Secretary-General. I was born in Lisbon in 1949 and graduated from the Instituto Superior Técnico with a degree in engineering. 序言 联合国宪章 序言 第一章：宗旨及原则（第1至2条） 第二章：会员（第3至6条） 第三章：机关（第7至8条） 第四章：大会（第9至22条） 第五章：安全理事会（第23至32条） 第六章：争端之和平解决（第33至38条） 第七章：对于和平之威胁、和平之破坏及侵略行为之应付办法（第39至51条） 第八章：区域办法（第52至54条） 第九章：国际经济及社会（第55至60条） 第十章：经济及社会理事会（第61至72条） 第十一章：关于非自治领土之宣言（第73至74条） 第十二章：国际托管制度（第75至85条） 第十三章：托管理事会（第86至91条） 第十四章：国际法院（第92至96条） 第十五章：秘书处（第97至101条） 第十六章：杂项条款（第102至105条） 第十七章：过渡安全办法（第106至107条） 第十八章：修正（第108至109条） 第十九章：批准及签字（第110至111条） 第二十三、第二十七和第六十一条的修正案 联合国宪章 序言 我联合国人民同兹决心 　　欲免后世再遭今代人类两度身历惨不堪言之战祸， 　　重申基本人权，人格尊严与价值，以及男女与大小各国平等权利之信念， 　　创造适当环境，俾克维持正义，尊重由条约与国际法其他渊源而起之义务，久而弗懈， 　　促成大自由中之社会进步及较善之民生， 并为达此目的 　　力行容恕，彼此以善邻之道，和睦相处， 　　集中力量，以维持国际和平及安全， 　　接受原则，确立方法，以保证非为公共利益，不得使用武力， 　　运用国际机构，以促成全球人民经济及社会之进展， 用是发愤立志，务当同心协力，以竟厥功 　　爰由我各本国政府，经齐集金山市之代表各将所奉全权证书，互相校阅，均属妥善，议定本联合国宪章，并设立国际组织，定名联合国。 ‹ 联合国宪章首页第一章：宗旨及原则（第1至2条） › 联合国宪章·第一章 宗旨及原则 第一条 　　联合国之宗旨为： 　　一、维持国际和平及安全；并为此目的：采取有效集体办法，以防止且消除对于和平之威胁，制止侵略行为或其他和平之破坏；并以和平方法且依正义及国际法之原则，调整或解决足以破坏和平之国际争端或情势。 　　二、发展国际间以尊重人民平等权利及自决原则为根据之友好关系，并采取其他适当办法，以增强普遍和平。 　　三、促成国际合作，以解决国际间属于经济、社会、文化及人类福利性质之国际问题，且不分种族、性别、语言或宗教，增进并激励对于全体人类之人权及基本自由之尊重。 　　四、构成一协调各国行动之中心，以达成上述共同目的。 第二条 　　为求实现第一条所述各宗旨起见，本组织及其会员国应遵行下列原则： 　　一、本组织系基于各会员国主权平等之原则。 　　二、各会员国应一秉善意，履行其依本宪章所担负之义务，以保证全体会员国由加入本组织而发生之权益。 　　三、各会员国应以和平方法解决其国际争端，俾免危及国际和平、安全及正义。 　　四、各会员国在其国际关系上不得使用威胁或武力，或以与联合国宗旨不符之任何其他方法，侵害任何会员国或国家之领土完整或政治独立。 　　五、各会员国对于联合国依本宪章规定而采取之行动，应尽力予以协助，联合国对于任何国家正在采取防止或执行行动时，各会员国对该国不得给予协助。 　　六、本组织在维持国际和平及安全之必要范围内，应保证非联合国会员国遵行上述原则。 　　七、本宪章不得认为授权联合国干涉在本质上属于任何国家国内管辖之事件，且并不要求会员国将该项事件依本宪章提请解决；但此项原则不妨碍第七章内执行办法之适用。 联合国宪章·第二章 会员 第三条 　　凡曾经参加金山联合国国际组织会议或前此曾签字于一九四二年一月一日联合国宣言之国家，签订本宪章，且依宪章第一百一十条规定而予以批准者，均为联合国之创始会员国。 第四条 　　一、凡其他爱好和平之国家，接受本宪章所载之义务，经本组织认为确能并愿意履行该项义务者，得为联合国会员国。 　　二、准许上述国家为联合国会员国，将由大会经安全理事会之推荐以决议行之。 第五条 　　联合国会员国，业经安全理事会对其采取防止或执行行动者，大会经安全理事会之建议，得停止其会员权利及特权之行使。此项权利及特权之行使，得由安全理事会恢复之。 第六条 　　联合国之会员国中，有屡次违犯本宪章所载之原则者，大会经安全理事会之建议，得将其由本组织除名。 5月29日是联合国维持和平人员国际日，在这一天，我们要向联合国维持和平的军警人员和文职人员致敬。2024年国际日的主题是“适应未来，共创美好”，彰显为所有人创造一个更公平、更公正、更可持续的世界而不断进步并采取集体行动的愿景。 图片联合国 适应未来，共建美好 　　76年来，联合国维和人员在世界上最脆弱的政治和安全局势中拯救了无数人的生命，改变了他们的生活。自1948年以来，有两百多万名军警和文职人员帮助各国从战争走向和平。如今，7万余名维和人员效力于部署在世界各个热点地区的11个特派团。 　　今年联合国维持和平人员国际日的主题是“适应未来，共建美好”，旨在回顾七十多年来军警和文职维和人员所做出的宝贵贡献，彰显为创造一个更加平等、公正和可持续的世界而不断进步和采取集体行动的愿景。 　　尽管面临挑战，维和人员仍与众多合作伙伴齐心协力，坚持不懈地追求和平。联合国维持和平人员国际日旨在赞扬维持和平人员的贡献和牺牲以及他们所服务社区的韧性，并向为和平事业献出生命的4000多名维和人员致敬。 “和平从我开始”运动宣传画 “和平从我开始”运动 请加入这一促进全球和平的运动，向维和人员、社区领袖、活动家等众多投身世界和平事业的人表达支持，激励所有人为和平采取行动。访问活动网站了解更多信息。 维持和平的五个工具 提起维持和平，我们经常想到调解、条约和国际法。然而，维和人员使用更广泛的工具来维持和培育世界上一些最脆弱地区的和平。在纪念联合国维和人员国际日之际，我们来看看维和人员用来保护他们所服务的社区的五种非传统工具。了解更多信息。 纪念活动 　　为纪念联合国维持和平人员国际日，纽约联合国的总部将于2024年5月30日（星期四）举行活动，当天上午9:45（美国东部时间）秘书长将在维持和平人员纪念碑前敬献花圈，悼念牺牲的维和人员。随后，将举行纪念仪式，向在2022年为和平事业献出生命的维和人员追授达格•哈马舍尔德勋章。仪式上还将颁发年度性别平等倡导人奖 　　随后，秘书长将于上午11点（美国东部时间）亲自主持向牺牲的维和人员追授达格•哈马舍尔德勋章的仪式。他还将颁发联合国年度军队性别平等倡导人奖。通过联合国网络电视观看现场直播>> 　　和平行动部副秘书长让-皮埃尔•拉克鲁瓦将以嘉宾身份出席5月30日的午间新闻发布会。所有活动均由联合国网络电视直播。 你知道吗？ 相关网站 联合国维持和平行动 和平从我开始 维持和平的五个工具 贡献与牺牲 维和图片与视频 Two Nigerian peackeepers await an inspection of their base. 什么是维和行动？ 联合国维和行动帮助各国渡过从冲突到和平的艰难时期。我们拥有独特的优势，包括合法性、负担分摊、并具有部署来自世界各地的部队和警察的能力，能让其与文职维和人员合作执行联合国安理会和大会设定的一系列任务。 MINUSMA Search and Detect Team Surveys Road in Mali 日常议题：和平与安全 “欲免后世再遭今代人类两度身历惨不堪言之战祸”，这是联合国创始人历经1945年前两次世界大战蹂躏后建立联合国的主要动机。自1945年10月24日成立（《联合国宪章》生效）以来，联合国经常被请求实施干预，以防止争端升级为战争，或在武装冲突爆发后帮助恢复和平，并促进战后社会的持久和平。 illustration of people with clock, calendar, to-do list and decorations 我们为什么要纪念国际日？ 国际日是提高公众对有关问题的认识、调动政治意愿和资源应对全球性问题以及庆祝和加强人类成就的机会。国际日在联合国成立之前就已经存在，但联合国将国际日作为一种有力的宣传工具。了解更多>> The 2024 theme 'Fit for the future, building better together' encapsulates the spirit of progress and collective action towards creating a world that is more equitable, just, and sustainable for all. PHOTO:UN Fit for the future, building better together For 76 years, United Nations peacekeepers have worked to save and change lives in the world’s most fragile political and security situations. Since 1948, more than two million uniformed and civilian personnel have helped countries to transition from war to peace. Today, more than 70,000 peacekeepers serve in 11 missions deployed in hotspots around the world. Observed under the theme “Fit for the future, building better together,” this year’s International Day looks at the invaluable contributions military, police and civilian peacekeepers have made over the last seven decades. It encapsulates the spirit of progress and collective action towards creating a more equal, just and sustainable world. Over the years, peacekeeping has evolved to adapt to the changing political landscape and nature of conflicts which have become more complex and interconnected. With support from UN member countries, it continues to advance the path set forth in the UN Secretary-General’s New Agenda for Peace which calls for a more robust, holistic and collective response to the security threats of today and tomorrow. Despite the challenges, peacekeepers persevere, alongside many partners, in the collective pursuit of peace. The International Day pays tribute to the service and sacrifice of peacekeepers and the resilience of the communities that they serve. It honours the more than 4,000 peacekeepers who have lost their lives serving for peace. This campaign also calls on each of us to join the global movement for peace. Alone, we can never succeed. But, together, we can be a strong force for change. Peace Begins with Me Campaign Join the global movement for peace. Show your support for peacekeepers, community leaders, activists and many others committed to making the world more secure, inspiring us all to take action for peace. Visit the campaign website for more information. Download campaign materials Five Tools For Keeping Peace When we think about keeping peace, we often think of mediation, treaties, and international laws. However, peacekeepers utilize a wider array of tools to keep and nurture peace in some of the world's most fragile places. As we mark the International Day of UN Peacekeepers, we look at five non-traditional tools peacekeepers use to protect the communities that they serve. More details Events To mark the International Day at UN Headquarters, the UN Secretary-General will lay a wreath at the Peacekeepers Memorial in honour of fallen peacekeepers at 9:45 a.m. ET on Thursday, 30 May 2024. Following that, at 11 a.m. ET, he will preside over an in-person ceremony at which the Dag Hammarskjold Medal will be awarded posthumously to fallen peacekeepers. He will also present the UN Military Gender Advocate of the Year award. Follow the ceremony on UN Web TV. The Under-Secretary-General for Peace Operations, Jean-Pierre Lacroix, will be the guest at the noon briefing on 30 May. All events can be followed live on UN Web TV. Did you know? Related Websites United Nations Peacekeeping Peace begins with me Service and Sacrifice Peacekeeping Photos and Videos Two Nigerian peackeepers await an inspection of their base. What Peacekeeping Does? UN Peacekeeping helps countries navigate the difficult path from conflict to peace. We have unique strengths, including legitimacy, burden sharing, and an ability to deploy troops and police from around the world, integrating them with civilian peacekeepers to address a range of mandates set by the UN Security Council and General Assembly. MINUSMA Search and Detect Team Surveys Road in Mali Global Issue: Peace and Security “To save succeeding generations from the scourge of war" are among the first very words of the UN Charter (in its Preamble), and those words were the main motivation for creating the United Nations, whose founders had lived through the devastation of two world wars by 1945. Since the UN's creation on 24 October 1945 (the date its Charter came into force), the United Nations has often been called upon to prevent disputes from escalating into war, or to help restore peace following the outbreak of armed conflict, and to promote lasting peace in societies emerging from wars. an abstract illustration of people engaged in an event Why do we mark International Days? International days and weeks are occasions to educate the public on issues of concern, to mobilize political will and resources to address global problems, and to celebrate and reinforce achievements of humanity. The existence of international days predates the establishment of the United Nations, but the UN has embraced them as a powerful advocacy tool. We also mark other UN observances.