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欧洲议会2024大选 Housing, jobs and competitiveness, EP political parties and their economic vows The leaders of the verious political groups in the European Parliament. Copyright AP By Doloresz Katanich Published on 30/04/2024 - 11:34•Updated 12:14 Share this article Comments Euronews Business asks the various political groups in the European Parliament about their economic agenda for the next five years. Improving competitiveness (better conditions for businesses), cutting bureaucracy, protecting jobs and supporting the green transition are just a few of the key pledges from the party groups ahead of the European Parliament elections taking place 6-9 June. Turning on the economic growth engine in the continent for the next five years appears to be a complicated task. The current output is little more than zero and the outlook for the next years appears to be stark, according to the IMF which states: "Europe's medium-term growth prospects have been declining for some time." The last five years have seen an unprecedented pandemic, a war erupting in Europe and the bloc losing a member as the UK's Brexit unfolded. The economy had to nurse one blow after the other, energy and commodity price hikes hitting Europe very hard, productivity lowering, while high inflation and tight monetary policy also took their toll and squeezed the continent's output. The accompanying cost of the living crisis set the tone for voters, according to Euronews' exclusive poll, with their priorities grouped around economic issues, such as tackling high prices, before they go to the polls. What comes next is not any easier, it appears, with European leaders needing to get ready to handle the increasing challenges of technological and climate change as well as demographic pressures and other issues. What is on top of the economic agenda for the various political groups? The majority of the groups have competitiveness at the top of their agenda, many of them are calling for the strengthening of the single market, and the removal of red tape, also believing that innovation and investment is crucial. S&P Global outlook: These are the biggest risks ahead for the EU economy EPP: More competitiveness, less red tape The centre-right European People's Party (EPP), the Parliament's largest group lists restoring European competitiveness on top of its economic agenda along with strengthening the single market. The EPP is considering launching a "Competitiveness Strategy for Europe" and appointing a dedicated European Commissioner solely responsible to focus on what SMEs need to thrive. They also set out plans to cut red tape. EPP group leader Manfred Weber recognised at a recent speech to the EP that more money needs to go into innovation and that bureaucracy has to be cut. "This mandate was not a good one in this regard. We increased bureaucracy." ‘Don’t make it a hassle to invest in Europe’: Why has the EU fallen behind its competitors? Are these the five easiest European countries to start a business? The group also aims to expand the number of trade agreements, including partners from Africa, and complete the ongoing negotiations for Mercosur and develop agreements on critical raw materials, a crucial ingredient of new technologies including electric vehicles. EPP's manifesto also names as an economic priority the safeguarding of critical infrastructure such as ports, telecommunication and energy facilities from takeovers by third countries, notably China. ECR: Boosting the single market and small businesses Meanwhile, the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) echo some of the EPP's priorities stating that improving competitiveness would come by revitalising industrial policy and reinforcing the single market. According to their manifesto, the group also vows to support SMEs, slash red tape, bring back strategic productions to Europe, and support energy security, with special regard to nuclear energy and geothermal power. They are not too keen on the current form of the Green Deal, but promise to prioritise Europe's defence and tech industry, spurring innovation and investment in cutting-edge technologies such as AI and quantum computing. S&D: Reduce the fragmentation of the internal market and get greater fiscal integration To improve competitiveness, the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) also calls the strengthening of the single market an "essential priority", and a way to reduce external dependence on key sectors and materials. The group also sees further fiscal integration in the bloc as a priority, including the consolidation of the Banking Union and Capital Markets Union. "We have to create a permanent fiscal capacity, as an additional special instrument over and above the MFF ceilings [an annual limit for EU expenditure as a whole, ed.], which can protect against disruptive shocks," said MEP Jonás Fernández, S&D spokesperson on economic and monetary affairs to Euronews Business. Renew Europe: Better regulation and new technologies The liberal, pro-European Renew Europe Group, the successor to the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) group, states that the next Commission must be an "Investment Commission," tackling research, development and innovation to increase the EU's global competitiveness. It proposes to spend 3% of the EU's GDP on research and investment starting in 2027. (In 2022, EU research and development expenditure was 2.24% of the GDP, according to Eurostat.) Renew Europe has also highlighted that SMEs need easier access to capital. The group said in a special plan 10-point plan, released earlier this year part of the problem could be tackled by dismantling national barriers in capital markets. It also advocates for a dedicated Commissioner for Enforcement, whose job should be to fully enforce existing EU rules. Group of the Greens/European Free Alliance: A wellbeing-based macroeconomic governance The Group of the Greens/European Free Alliance foresees boosting competitiveness via green investments. The group campaigns with a "Green and Social Deal". That is a package which promises to inject money from fossil fuel companies and other groups into green investments, thereby creating jobs and providing basic rights to everybody in Europe. Its concerns revolve around food, clean water, basic housing, cheap public transport, and energy. GUE/NGL: Tax corporate superprofits! The Left group in the European Parliament (GUE/NGL) sees that rising inequalities, tax avoidance and the lack of investment in public services as the three most important issues to tackle. "Inequality between the rich and poor is growing," a spokesperson told Euronews Business, adding that changes in taxing could replace the austerity measures planned currently across the bloc. "EU governments are losing out on a staggering €286.5 billion in revenue annually, equivalent to €33 million per hour, due to their failure to fairly tax Europe's wealthiest." With the income, the group pledges to bring a remedy to social inequalities, drive investment and fuel the green transition. They also promote adding special roles to the European Central Bank (ECB) help financing public investments at 0%, including health and education, research and transport. The far-right Identity and Democracy group hasn't responded to Euronews Business' request for comment. Housing and jobs are key issues in Europe's future The fight against rising prices and social inequalities along with tackling unemployment are among the most important issues for European voters ahead of the European Parliament elections in June. Inflation has been declining for a few months now and the European Central Bank is expected to cut the key rates in June, a sign that the bloc is on the right path. While some parties claim that social inequalities are largely in the power of member states to tackle, the labour market's challenges are certainly going to stay on the table for the next European administration. Europe is struggling with an imbalance of its labour market, with staff shortages in some industries, and surplus of skilled workers in others. Education and other remedies for the European labour market The EPP highlights the importance of protecting the 100 million jobs across Europe by supporting SMEs. The group also vows to create new jobs via launching an investment plan in research and development, and would spend 4% of the EU's GDP on it. They pledge to "continue to combat youth unemployment" and set up a funding programme to significantly increase the number of women-led start-ups. To ensure the rights of workers across the bloc, the EPP also has plans to create a common European Workers' Guarantee for the Digital Market. To tackle the lack of skilled workers, Renew Europe is focusing on improving the match-up between education and labour market demands, and aims to reform the school system, involving companies with knowledge into the transformation, and develop specialised learning programmes, such as "Net Zero Academies" to equip job-seekers for the green and digital transitions. S&D said: "We need to prepare workers to take part in the process of industrial transformation we are in, through the green and digital transitions", adding that the so-called Support to mitigate Unemployment Risks in an Emergency (SURE) should be continued as a support scheme in times of crisis. Which European regions have the highest employment rates? Workers' slice of the GDP pie: How do income shares compare across Europe? In order to tackle unemployment by providing training and employment in the public sector, the Left group suggests bringing about a Guaranteed Employment Plan, financed by the European Stability Mechanism (ESM). It is demanding better employment and social rights and, for example, a reduction of working time without loss of income. The group is also advocating for the European Basic Income Directive, a universal minimum income for all Europeans that covers the basic needs, including food, housing and energy. Green politicians are taking a careful stance on this matter, stating that universal basic income should be researched and studied. The group believes that solving the climate crisis will create millions of jobs in sectors from renewables and construction to industry and transport. "The 'shovel ready' projects that we would kickstart tomorrow represent 2 million jobs in the short and medium term and our long-term transition up to 10 million," reads their manifesto. It also believes that the mandate of the European Central Bank should be revised to include full employment alongside price stability. Low-income Europeans face hard times in housing cost struggle University or housing? The cost of living dilemma facing students Housing: 'The EU can do more' Housing is an increasingly serious concern across the bloc. "On any given night, there are 900,000 homeless people in the EU, while millions struggle with rising rents in big cities," according to the Greens/EFA alliance. They pledge to increase public and private investment in affordable housing, including social housing. "We support the introduction of rent control in cities and regions where rents have exploded to become out of reach," read their manifesto. S&D believes that "the EU can do more". The group also advocates boosting public investment in green social housing and an EU plan to ensure decent and affordable housing and limiting on the privatisation of public or social housing. The group's spokesperson told Euronews Business that it is important to ensure "decent homes for children, increase the budget of the European Child Guarantee by at least 20 billion. In addition, we should revise the Services of General Economic Interest (SGEI) with due regard to affordable housing." Housing crisis: Are you prepared to wait 6 months to rent a studio in Paris? Where in Europe have property prices increased the most since 2015? The Left is calling for an EU-wide anti-poverty strategy, providing decent, affordable, and climate-friendly housing a right to all and an EU directive that caps rents. "We are fighting [...] for rent caps and comprehensive tenant protection, for European funding for non-profit housing construction, and against homelessness," a spokesperson told Euronews Business. It also suggests that investments in public housing should have support from the European Investment Bank (EIB) at 0% interest. Green transition in Europe The leading force in the European Parliament, the EPP has recently been accused of a backlash against the European Green Deal, a landmark set of rules to fight climate change, which it pledges to develop further in their manifesto. The group vows to tackle climate action whilst ensuring economic security, praising emissions trading, expansion of renewables and other low-carbon energies and creating a circular economy. The various groups are not in agreement concerning the Green Deal. Politicians from the ECR would prefer a more localised climate strategy, saying more fund is needed before any further regulation should be decided. The Greens, on the other hand, have built an entirely new 'Green and Social Deal' to take it a lot further. Renew Europe believes the groundwork is done, saing that "the last five years were about setting up rules, now we need to focus on implementing them." Food and fisheries, what's next? "By 2040, the EU might lose an additional 6.4 million farms, a staggering decrease of over 60% compared to 2016," sounds the alarming message from the EPP. The group is promising legislative and financial support to farmers, including basic agricultural incomes and promotes high-tech in agriculture as one of the crucial steps forward. Following a series of farmers' protests, about low income and regulatory and administrative burden related to environmental protection, the European Commission recently had to softened the rules for them, including the withdrawal of a law to reduce the use of pesticides. The EPP pledges now to provide increased support for farmers as well as fishers to adapt to the climate transition. They also advocate for a commissioner entirely dedicated to fisheries. Renew Europe advocates for increased support and decreased paperwork to the sector. The group believes that the biggest risk for harvests is not green rules, but climate change, and prefers remaining aligned with the overall goals of the Green Deal. The ECR group does not. It says it respects the vital role of farmers but also aims to advance sustainability initiatives, adding it is ready to re-think some rules of the Green Deal, to "protect farmers and businesses from the negative impacts of the current European green climate policy". Green claims, on the other hand, that what Europe needs is a Common Food and Agriculture Policy and massive investment in organic farming and agro-ecological production. It pledges to spend one third of the EU budget on sustainable food systems and addressing the economic situation of farmers, among others. "We will fight for a 50% reduction in pesticide use by 2030," reads the manifesto. How the energy transition is envisioned EPP sees the way towards a carbon-neutral and environmentally-friendly future via an Energy Union, with increased development of electricity and gas network interconnections between EU member states, thus integrating further the European electricity and gas market. It also advocates for "member states to decide on their specific energy mix". It is pushing for alternative fuels, saying that a rapid ramp-up of international hydrogen production is necessary in the bloc. Additionally, it claims to have created fast-tracked permitting procedures for renewable projects. However, in a recent interview with Euronews Business, Gwenaelle Avice Huet multinational energy management Schneider Electric's Executive Vice President of Europe, said that the development of the energy transition is behind but "it is not investments that are missing, it is the administration, that is very long." Wasting renewables: Where is Europe in the race for clean energy transition? The current situation results in the EU still spending €1 billion a day on importing energy, which also raises questions about the bloc's competitiveness, she added. Other political groups are also keen on supporting the energy transition, especially to lower dependence on fossil fuels from third countries. However, the green transition also holds strategic dependencies for Europe, in the shape of electric batteries and critical chemicals. Renew Europe says that "we need to increase the use of renewable energy. By 2030, Europe's energy use needs to reach at least 45% by renewables (42.5% is the binding target) and 11.7% energy consumption reduction". It believes SMEs have a key role in the green and digital transitions and need easier access to capital. The ECR leaves it to each country to determine their own energy mix, however, it "strongly advocate for a technology neutral approach that champions nuclear energy and makes us a trailblazer in geothermal power". The Greens want to transform Europe's energy system to rely 100% on solar, water, wind and geothermal, phasing out fossil energy by 2040, starting with coal by 2030. "We want to encourage community ownership of renewable energy projects", they say in their manifesto. The Left is also advocating for public control and ownership of energy resources, promoting municipalities to achieve their energy sovereignty. The Green group highlights that energy-saving measures to reduce demand are essential. Almost 40% of carbon emission comes from energy inefficient buildings in Europe. The Green group aims to allocate public money to renovate the homes of people with the highest energy bills and the lowest income. It laid out plans to focus on the development of cheap electric mobility and charging infrastructure. Investment in the green transition The European Union will need €1.5 trillion per year of investments to meet its 2050 net zero emissions target. The EPP pledges to unlock investment in innovation for clean technologies with an investment plan for European jobs. S&D believes it is important now to combat greenwashing, especially concerning investments, integrate climate risks in banking activities, and set up a new permanent investment fund, "with strong social and environmental conditionality". IMF: Private sector needs to shoulder most of the climate investment burden The Greens propose a major investment plan to fund green industries and infrastructure across the European Union, through a mix of changes in fiscal policy, public and private investments. The group would spend at least 1% of EU GDP, mainly financed by joint borrowing at the EU level, on green infrastructure projects and they envision the ECB encouraging green investment by measures, "including differentiated interest rates". The Greens also propose that Europe phases out all fossil fuels subsidies by 2025 and channels the remaining billions of euros into renewable energy, energy efficiency and energy savings. The Left is in favour of taxing Europe's wealthiest who are "also Europe’s biggest polluters", according to the group. It would increase public investment in the green transition, among others by the help of zero interest loans from the ECB. 住房、就業和競爭力、歐洲議會政黨及其經濟誓言 歐洲議會各政治團體的領導人。 版權所有美聯社 作者： 多洛雷斯‧卡塔尼奇 發佈於 30/04/2024 - 11:34 •更新時間 12:14 分享此文章 評論 歐洲商業新聞向歐洲議會的各個政治團體詢問他們未來五年的經濟議程。 提高競爭力（為企業提供更好的條件）、削減官僚主義、保護就業和支持綠色轉型只是各黨派在 6 月 6 日至 9 日舉行的歐洲議會選舉之前做出的幾個主要承諾。 未來五年啟動非洲大陸的經濟成長引擎似乎是一項複雜的任務。國際貨幣基金組織表示，目前的產出略高於零，未來幾年的前景似乎很嚴峻：“歐洲的中期增長前景一段時間以來一直在下降。” 過去五年，歐洲爆發了前所未有的大流行，戰爭爆發，隨著英國脫歐的展開，歐盟失去了一個成員國。經濟必須承受一次又一次的打擊，能源和大宗商品價格上漲對歐洲造成沉重打擊，生產力下降，而高通膨和緊縮的貨幣政策也造成了損失，擠壓了歐洲大陸的產出。 根據歐洲新聞台的獨家民意調查，隨之而來的生活成本危機為選民定下了基調， 他們的優先事項集中在經濟問題上，例如在投票前解決高物價問題。 接下來的事情似乎並不容易，歐洲領導人需要做好準備，應對技術和氣候變遷以及人口壓力和其他問題日益嚴峻的挑戰。 各個政治團體的首要經濟議程是什麼？ 大多數團體都將競爭力放在其議程的首位，其中許多人呼籲加強單一市場，消除繁文縟節，也認為創新和投資至關重要。 標普全球展望：這些是歐盟經濟面臨的最大風險 EPP：更具競爭力，較少繁文縟節 中右翼的歐洲人民黨（EPP）是議會最大的黨派，將恢復歐洲競爭力以及強化單一市場列為其經濟議程的首要任務。 EPP 正在考慮啟動“歐洲競爭力戰略”，並任命一名專門的歐盟專員，全權負責關注中小企業發展所需的問題。他們也制定了削減繁文縟節的計畫。 EPP小組領導人曼弗雷德·韋伯(Manfred Weber)最近在歐洲議會的演講中承認，需要更多資金用於創新，並且必須削減官僚主義。 “從這方面來看，這項授權並不是一件好事。我們增加了官僚主義。” 「別讓投資歐洲成為麻煩」：歐盟為何落後競爭對手？ 這是最容易創業的五個歐洲國家嗎？ 該集團還旨在擴大貿易協定的數量，包括來自非洲的合作夥伴，並完成正在進行的南方共同市場談判 ，並就關鍵原材料製定協議，關鍵原材料是包括電動車在內的新技術的關鍵組成部分。 EPP的宣言也將保護港口、電信和能源設施等關鍵基礎設施不被第三國（尤其是中國）收購列為經濟優先事項。 ECR：促進單一市場和小型企業 同時，歐洲保守黨和改革派（ECR）贊同歐洲人民黨的一些優先事項，指出透過振興產業政策和加強單一市場來提高競爭力。 根據其宣言，該集團還誓言支持中小企業，削減繁文縟節，將戰略生產帶回歐洲，並支持能源安全，特別是核能和地熱能。他們不太熱衷於當前形式的綠色協議，但承諾優先考慮歐洲的國防和科技產業，刺激人工智慧和量子運算等尖端技術的創新和投資。 S&D：減少內部市場的分散並實現更大程度的財政一體化 為了提高競爭力，社會黨和民主黨進步聯盟（S＆D）也將加強單一市場稱為“基本優先事項”，也是減少對關鍵部門和材料的外部依賴的一種方式。 該集團也將進一步推動歐元區財政一體化視為優先事項，包括鞏固銀行業聯盟和資本市場聯盟。 歐洲議會議員、標準與發展部喬納斯·費爾南德斯表示：「我們必須建立永久性的財政能力，作為MFF 上限（歐盟整體支出的年度限額，編者註）之上的額外特殊工具，可以防止破壞性衝擊。 復興歐洲：更好的監管與新技術 自由派、親歐洲的復興歐洲集團（Renew Europe Group）是歐洲自由黨和民主黨聯盟（ALDE）集團的繼任者，該集團表示，下一屆委員會必須是一個“投資委員會”，負責解決研究、開發和創新問題，以提高歐盟的全球影響力。 它提議從2027年開始將歐盟GDP的3%用於研究和投資。 更新歐洲也強調，中小企業需要更容易獲得資本。該組織在今年稍早發布的一項十點特別計畫中表示，部分問題可以透過消除資本市場的國家壁壘來解決。 它也主張設立一個專門的執法專員，其職責應該是全面執行現有的歐盟規則。 綠黨/歐洲自由聯盟集團：基於福祉的宏觀經濟治理 綠黨/歐洲自由聯盟集團預計透過綠色投資提高競爭力。該組織以「綠色和社會協議」為競選綱領。該計劃承諾將化石燃料公司和其他團體的資金注入綠色投資，從而創造就業機會並為歐洲每個人提供基本權利。它關注的是食品、清潔水、基本住房、廉價公共交通和能源。 GUE/NGL：對企業超額利潤課稅！ 歐洲議會左翼集團（GUE/NGL）認為，不平等加劇、避稅和公共服務投資缺乏是需要解決的三個最重要問題。 一位發言人告訴《歐洲新聞商業》：「富人和窮人之間的不平等正在加劇。」他補充說，稅收的變化可能會取代整個歐盟目前計劃的緊縮措施。 「由於未能公平地向歐洲最富有的人徵稅，歐盟各國政府每年損失的收入高達 2865 億歐元，相當於每小時 3300 萬歐元。” 該組織承諾利用這筆收入來解決社會不平等問題、推動投資並推動綠色轉型。他們也推動歐洲央行 (ECB) 發揮特殊作用，幫助以 0% 的利率為公共投資提供融資，包括健康和教育、研究和交通運輸。 極右翼身分與民主組織尚未回應歐洲商業新聞的置評請求。 住房和就業是歐洲未來的關鍵議題 在六月歐洲議會選舉之前，對抗物價上漲和社會不平等以及解決失業問題是歐洲選民最重要的問題之一。 通膨已經連續幾個月下降，歐洲央行預計將在 6 月下調關鍵利率，這表明該集團正走在正確的道路上。 儘管一些政黨聲稱，社會不平等在很大程度上取決於成員國的力量來解決，但勞動市場的挑戰肯定會留在下一屆歐洲政府的桌面上。 歐洲正面臨勞動市場失衡的問題，一些產業人員短缺，而有些產業技術工人過剩。 歐洲勞動市場的教育和其他補救措施 EPP 強調了透過支持中小企業來保護歐洲 1 億個就業機會的重要性。該集團還誓言透過啟動研發投資計畫來創造新的就業機會，並將投入歐盟GDP的4%。 他們承諾“繼續解決青年失業問題”，並製定了一項資助計劃，以大幅增加女性領導的初創企業的數量。 為了確保整個歐盟工人的權利，EPP 還計劃為數位市場建立共同的歐洲工人保障。 為了解決技術工人缺乏的問題，Renew Europe正致力於改善教育與勞動力市場需求之間的匹配，旨在改革學校系統，讓有知識的公司參與轉型，並製定專門的學習計劃，例如「淨零學院」為求職者提供綠色和數位轉型的裝備。 S&D 表示：“我們需要讓工人做好準備，透過綠色和數位轉型參與我們所處的工業轉型過程”，並補充說，應繼續所謂的“支持減輕緊急情況下失業風險”（SURE）作為危機時期的支援計劃。 歐洲哪些地區的就業率最高？ 工人在 GDP 蛋糕中所佔的份額：整個歐洲的收入份額如何比較？ 為了透過在公共部門提供培訓和就業來解決失業問題，左派團體建議制定一項由歐洲穩定機制（ESM）資助的保障就業計畫。 它要求更好的就業和社會權利，例如在不損失收入的情況下減少工作時間。 該組織還倡導歐洲基本收入指令，這是所有歐洲人的普遍最低收入，涵蓋食品、住房和能源等基本需求。 綠色政治家在這個問題上採取了謹慎的立場，表示應該研究和研究全民基本收入。 該組織認為，解決氣候危機將為再生能源、建築業、工業和交通運輸等領域創造數百萬個就業機會。 他們的宣言中寫道：“我們明天將啟動的‘鏟子準備’項目代表著短期和中期的 200 萬個就業崗位，而我們的長期轉型將達到 1000 萬個就業崗位。”它還認為，歐洲央行的職責應該修改，以包括充分就業和價格穩定。 低收入歐洲人在住房成本鬥爭中面臨困難時期 大學還是住房？學生面臨的生活成本困境 住房：“歐盟可以做得更多” 住房問題是整個歐盟日益嚴重的問題。 綠黨/全民教育聯盟表示：“在任何一個夜晚，歐盟都有 90 萬無家可歸者，而大城市的房租上漲則有數百萬人在掙扎。”他們承諾增加對經濟適用房（包括社會住宅）的公共和私人投資。他們的宣言中寫道：“我們支持在租金激增而難以承受的城市和地區實行租金管制。” S&D相信「歐盟可以做得更多」。該組織還主張增加對綠色社會住房的公共投資和歐盟計劃，以確保體面和負擔得起的住房，並限制公共或社會住房的私有化。該組織的發言人告訴《歐洲商業新聞》，確保「為兒童提供體面的家園，將歐洲兒童保障預算增加至少200億美元非常重要。此外，我們應該適當考慮修改一般經濟利益服務（SGEI）」經濟適用房。 住房危機：您準備好等待 6 個月才能在巴黎租到一間工作室嗎？ 自 2015 年以來，歐洲哪些地區的房價漲幅最大？ 左派呼籲制定歐盟範圍內的反貧窮戰略，為所有人提供體面、負擔得起和氣候友善的住房，並制定限制租金的歐盟指令。 「我們正在爭取租金上限和全面的租戶保護，爭取歐洲為非營利性住房建設提供資金，並打擊無家可歸者，」一位發言人告訴歐洲商業新聞。它還建議公共住宅投資應得到歐洲投資銀行（EIB）的零利率支持。 歐洲的綠色轉型 作為歐洲議會的主導力量，歐洲人民黨最近被指責反對《歐洲綠色協議》，這是一套具有里程碑意義的應對氣候變遷的規則，歐洲人民黨承諾在其宣言中進一步發展該協議。 該組織誓言在確保經濟安全的同時應對氣候行動，讚揚排放交易、擴大再生能源和其他低碳能源以及創建循環經濟。 不同團體對於綠色新政的看法並不一致。 ECR 的政治人物更喜歡更在地化的氣候策略，他們表示在決定進一步的監管之前需要更多的資金。 另一方面，綠黨制定了一項全新的“綠色和社會協議”，以進一步推進這一目標。 “更新歐洲”相信基礎工作已經完成，並表示“過去五年是關於製定規則，現在我們需要集中精力實施它們。” 食品和漁業，下一步是什麼？ “到 2040 年，歐盟可能會額外失去 640 萬個農場，與 2016 年相比，減少了 60% 以上，令人震驚”，EPP 發出了令人震驚的信息。該組織承諾向農民提供立法和財政支持，包括基本農業收入，並推廣農業高科技，作為前進的關鍵步驟之一。 在一系列農民抗議低收入以及與環境保護相關的監管和行政負擔之後，歐盟委員會最近不得不放寬對他們的規則，包括撤銷一項減少農藥使用的法律。 EPP 現在承諾為農民和漁民提供更多支持，以適應氣候轉型。他們也主張設立一名完全致力於漁業的專員。 「更新歐洲」主張增加對該行業的支持並減少文書工作。該組織認為，收成面臨的最大風險不是綠色規則，而是氣候變化，並傾向於與綠色協議的總體目標保持一致。 ECR 小組則沒有。它表示尊重農民的重要作用，但也旨在推進可持續發展舉措，並補充說準備重新考慮綠色協議的一些規則，以“保護農民和企業免受當前歐洲綠色氣候政策的負面影響” 。 另一方面，格林聲稱歐洲需要的是共同糧食和農業政策以及對有機農業和農業生態生產的大規模投資。它承諾將歐盟預算的三分之一用於永續糧食系統和解決農民的經濟狀況等。 宣言中寫道：“我們將爭取到 2030 年將農藥使用量減少 50%。” 如何設想能源轉型 EPP看到了透過能源聯盟邁向碳中和和環境友善的未來的道路，隨著歐盟成員國之間電力和天然氣網路互連的不斷發展，從而進一步整合歐洲電力和天然氣市場。它也主張「成員國決定其具體的能源結構」。 它正在推動替代燃料，並表示該集團有必要迅速增加國際氫氣產量。 此外，它還聲稱已經為再生能源專案創建了快速許可程序。然而，跨國能源管理公司施耐德電氣歐洲執行副總裁格溫娜爾·阿維斯·休特(Gwenaelle Avice Huet)最近在接受《歐洲新聞商業》採訪時表示，能源轉型的發展落後了，但「缺少的不是投資，而是管理”。很長。” 浪費再生能源：歐洲在清潔能源轉型的競賽中處於什麼位置？ 她補充說，目前的情況導致歐盟 每天仍花費10億歐元進口能源，也引發了人們對歐盟競爭力的質疑。 其他政治團體也熱衷於支持能源轉型，特別是降低對第三國化石燃料的依賴。然而，綠色轉型也對歐洲具有戰略依賴性，表現為電池和關鍵化學品。 Renew Europe表示，「我們需要增加再生能源的使用。到2030年，歐洲的能源使用需要達到至少45%是再生能源（42.5%是約束目標），能源消耗減少11.7%」。 它認為中小企業在綠色和數位轉型中發揮關鍵作用，並且需要更容易獲得資金。 ECR 讓每個國家自行決定自己的能源結構，然而，它「強烈主張採用技術中立的方法來支持核能並使我們成為地熱能的開拓者」。 綠黨希望改造歐洲的能源系統，使其100% 依賴太陽能、水力、風能和地熱能，到2040 年逐步淘汰化石能源，從2030 年開始淘汰煤炭。他們在他們的宣言。左翼也主張公共控制和擁有能源資源，推動市政當局實現能源主權。 綠色組織強調，減少需求的節能措施至關重要。歐洲近 40% 的碳排放來自能源效率低的建築。綠色組織的目標是分配公共資金來翻修能源費用最高和收入最低的人們的房屋。它制定了重點發展廉價電動車和充電基礎設施的計劃。 綠色轉型投資 歐盟每年需要 1.5 兆歐元的投資才能實現 2050 年淨零排放目標。 EPP 承諾透過一項歐洲就業投資計畫來釋放對清潔技術創新的投資。 S&D認為，現在重要的是打擊洗綠行為，特別是在投資方面，將氣候風險納入銀行活動，並設立一個新的永久性投資基金，「具有強有力的社會和環境條件」。 國際貨幣基金組織：私部門需要承擔大部分氣候投資負擔 綠黨提出了一項重大投資計劃，透過財政政策、公共和私人投資的綜合改革，為整個歐盟的綠色工業和基礎設施提供資金。 該集團將把至少1%的歐盟GDP用於綠色基礎設施項目，主要透過歐盟層級的聯合借款籌集資金，他們預計歐洲央行將透過「包括差異化利率」等措施鼓勵綠色投資。 綠黨也建議歐洲在2025年逐步取消所有化石燃料補貼，並將剩餘的數十億歐元用於再生能源、能源效率和節能。 該組織表示，左派贊成對歐洲最富有的人徵稅，他們也是「歐洲最大的污染者」。它將在歐洲央行零息貸款的幫助下增加對綠色轉型的公共投資。 Parliament signs up for new EU Body for Ethical Standards Press Releases PLENARY SESSION AFCO 25-04-2024 - 13:08 MEPs have approved agreement between eight EU institutions and bodies A significant first step towards fostering a common culture of integrity and ethics Common minimum ethical standards to be developed Five independent experts to contribute to the body’s work, and deliver opinions on individual written declarations on request On Thursday, the European Parliament approved the creation of a new EU body to strengthen integrity, transparency, and accountability in European decision-making. The agreement was reached between Parliament, the Council, the Commission, the Court of Justice, the European Central Bank, the European Court of Auditors, the European Economic and Social Committee, and the European Committee of the Regions. It provides for the joint creation of a new Body for Ethical Standards. This Body will develop, update, and interpret common minimum standards for ethical conduct, and publish reports on how these standards have been reflected in each signatory’s internal rules. The institutions participating in the Body will be represented by one senior member and the position of Chair of the Body will rotate every year between the institutions. Five independent experts will support its work and be available for consultation by the participating institutions and bodies about standardised written declarations, including declarations of interest. A successful push for watchdog functions Parliament was represented in the negotiations by Vice-President Katarina Barley (S&D, DE), Chair of the Constitutional Affairs Committee Salvatore De Meo (EPP, IT), and rapporteur Daniel Freund (Greens/EFA, DE). They improved significantly the Commission’s proposal, described as “unsatisfactory” by MEPs in July 2023, by adding to the tasks of the independent experts the competence to examine individual cases and issue recommendations. The agreement was approved by the Conference of Presidents. Only the first step The accompanying report by Daniel Freund (approved with 301 votes in favour, 216 against, and 23 abstentions) underlines that final decision-making rests with the signatories and that any consultation of the independent experts on an individual case begins with a request by a signatory. MEPs also point out that the declarations of financial interests of Commissioners-designate should as a rule be subject to examination by the independent experts. Parliament reiterates its commitment to developing the independent ethics body in the future so it would be capable of carrying out investigations on its own initiative and of issuing recommendations for sanctions. A body like this should be composed of independent experts as full members, and cover members of EU institutions and bodies before, during, and after their term of office or service, as well as staff. MEPs are disappointed the European Council declined to join the agreement, and regret the unwillingness of the Council to allow the Body to cover at least the representatives at ministerial level of the member state holding the Council Presidency, and provides arguments against the relevant reasoning. The text includes Parliament’s positions on financing provisions, the criteria for the consensus-based appointment of the experts, the existing legal pathways for the Body’s information-gathering, and the modalities of the independent experts’ work. It also sets out the need for the Body to lead by example by publishing its work-related information in a machine-readable open data format accessible to citizens, while protecting the privacy of the individuals concerned to an appropriate extent, and the presumption of innocence. Finally, MEPs stress the need to define how the mandate of the Vice-President (and the alternate member) representing Parliament will be determined, and to put in place accountability mechanisms (which should include the Constitutional Affairs Committee) to ensure MEPs will have a say in the development of standards that will be binding for them. Quote Rapporteur Daniel Freund (Greens/EFA, DE) commented: “Without the tireless efforts of the European Parliament pushing for more transparency, we would not have come this far. The fact that the new body can also deal specifically with individual cases is an enormous negotiating success. Today, we are creating more transparency, laying the foundation for greater citizen confidence in European democracy.” Next steps The agreement needs to be signed by all parties before it can enter into force. The agreement will be reviewed three years after its entry into force to improve and enhance the Body. Background The European Parliament has been calling for the EU institutions to have an ethics body since September 2021, one with real investigative authority and a structure fit for purpose. MEPs reiterated the call in December 2022, in the immediate aftermath of the allegations of corruption involving former and current MEPs and staff, alongside an array of internal improvements to enhance integrity, transparency, and accountability.