详解中国新一届政府领导班子阵容
Here Are the Men Leading China for the Next Five Years
Li Qiang, a longtime ally of China’s top leader and the man who oversaw last year’s bruising two-month Covid lockdown of Shanghai, was formally appointed the country’s premier on Saturday. He will face the challenge of trying to revive the economy, which is languishing from three years of Covid restrictions.
李强周六被正式任命为中国总理。他是中国最高领导人的长期盟友，曾于去年执掌上海为期两个月的痛苦“清零”封锁。他将面临试图重振经济的挑战，中国经济因三年的新冠限制促使而受到重创。
As premier, Mr. Li is now China’s No. 2 leader and the top bureaucrat leading the country’s cabinet and wielding broad authority over economic policy. The position has weakened under Xi Jinping, the top leader, who was widely seen to have sidelined the outgoing premier, Li Keqiang. But some analysts say that Li Qiang may play a larger — though not necessarily more influential — role than his predecessor.
作为总理，李强现在在中国的领导人中排名第二位，他也是中国的头号官僚，领导国务院，对经济政策行使广泛权力。总理的职位已在中国最高领导人习近平的领导下有所削弱，外界普遍认为习近平把刚刚卸任的李克强总理排除在核心之外。但有些分析人士说，李强也许会比他的前任起到更大作用，虽然不一定会有更大的影响力。
The government has said it expects to expand the economy by “around 5 percent” this year, a modest goal that most likely points to the difficulty of resolving the housing market slump, slowing exports and rising debt. Youth unemployment is high. Chinese companies face the threat of crippling economic sanctions by the United States and its allies.
中国政府曾表示，预计该国今年经济将增长“5%左右”，这一保守的目标很可能表明解决房地产市场低迷、出口放缓和债务增加的问题存在困难。目前该国青年失业率很高。中国公司面临美国及其盟友严厉经济制裁的威胁。
Li Qiang, the former Communist Party Secretary of Shanghai, was elevated last fall to be the No. 2 official in the Chinese Communist Party, probably a product of his perceived loyalty to Mr. Xi. He carried out the lockdown of Shanghai in the name of Mr. Xi’s “zero Covid” policy of eradicating the virus, despite the enormous economic and social cost it exacted on the city, partly as a result of mismanagement that led to food shortages.
李强曾任上海市委书记，于去年秋天被提升为中共二号人物，这很可能是因为习近平认可他的忠诚。他执行了习近平以根除病毒为名的新冠“清零”政策，尽管这给这座城市带来了巨大的经济和社会成本，部分原因是导致了食品短缺的管理不善。
Mr. Li’s experience leading economically important regions — in addition to Shanghai, he also held top posts in affluent Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces — has fueled some hopes that he will promote business-friendly policies. But he lacks experience in Beijing, which could make him more reliant on Mr. Xi’s continued support, and less likely to raise policies at odds with the top leader’s wishes.
李强在经济重要地区担任领导人的经验——除了上海，他还在富裕的浙江省和江苏省担任过要职——让一些人对他将推出有利于商业的政策充满希望。但他缺乏在中央工作的经验，这可能会让他更多地依赖于习近平的继续支持，因此不太可能提出不符合最高领导人意愿的政策。
Mr. Li’s new position was confirmed on Saturday at the annual meeting of China’s rubber-stamp legislature, the National People’s Congress. On Monday, at the end of the congress, he will make his public debut as premier at a news conference with vetted questions.
李强的新职位于周六在中国橡皮图章立法机构全国人民代表大会的年度会议上得到确认。周一会议结束时，他将在新闻发布会上以总理身份首次公开亮相，并回答一些经过审查的问题。
The congress will elevate new leaders for the first time in five years — many of them Mr. Xi’s loyalists.
此次大会将在五年内首次提拔一批新领导人——其中许多人是习近平的忠实拥护者。
Here’s a look at the lineup:
这里是下届政府班子的阵容：
The President
国家主席
China’s top leader, Xi Jinping, was confirmed to a norm-breaking third term as state president on Friday.
中国最高领导人习近平打破常规的国家主席第三个任期周五得到了确认。
The announcement was no surprise: Mr. Xi oversaw the abolition of presidential term limits in 2018, and in October he secured a third term as head of the Chinese Communist Party, the position from which his real authority derives. The vote by the National People’s Congress further formalized Mr. Xi’s position as China’s most dominant leader in decades.
这一消息并不令人意外：习近平在2018年主持取消了国家主席任期限制，而且，他已在去年10月获得了中共中央总书记的第三个任期，那是赋予他实权的职位。全国人民代表大会的投票进一步确立了习近平作为中国几十年来最具统治力的领导人的地位。
As he starts his third term as president, Mr. Xi has signaled that he will focus on strengthening security and seeking self-sufficiency in strategic technologies to push back harder against what he perceives as an effort by the United States to block China’s rise.
随着开启他的第三个国家主席任期，习近平已发出信号，表示他将重点加强安全和寻求战略技术的自给自足，以更强有力地反击他认为美国阻止中国崛起的努力。
“Western countries led by the United States have implemented all-around containment, encirclement and suppression of China, which has brought unprecedented severe challenges to our country’s development,” Mr. Xi said in a speech on Monday.
“以美国为首的西方国家对我实施了全方位的遏制、围堵、打压，给我国发展带来前所未有的严峻挑战。”习近平在周一的一次讲话中说道。
Executive Vice Premier
国务院常务副总理
The executive vice premier is the highest-ranked of China’s vice premiers, the officials directly under Mr. Xi and his No. 2. This post is expected to go to Ding Xuexiang, who for the past few years has served as a secretary and chief of staff to Mr. Xi.
副总理是习近平和中共二号人物的直接下属，其中级别最高的是常务副总理。这个职位预计将由丁薛祥担任。过去几年里，丁薛祥一直在习近平手下担任中共中央书记处书记和国家主席办公室主任。
In this role, Mr. Ding is also likely to be responsible for domestic economic policy. The outgoing executive vice premier, Han Zheng, was a former Communist Party secretary of Shanghai credited with guiding that city’s transformation into a cosmopolitan financial capital. Mr. Ding, by contrast, has never led a province, working largely as a behind-the-scenes technocrat.
担任常务副总理的丁薛祥可能也会负责国内经济政策。即将卸任的常务副总理韩正曾任上海市委书记，在上海转型为一个国际金融都市方面功不可没。相比之下，丁薛祥从未担任过省级领导人，主要是在后台从事技术官僚工作。
But like others slated for promotion, Mr. Ding has longstanding ties with Mr. Xi. He is widely believed to be the office director for China’s National Security Commission, a secretive body that has grown more influential as Mr. Xi has emphasized the need for vigilance against foreign and domestic threats. He has also frequently traveled with Mr. Xi, both domestically and overseas.
但与其他即将晋升的人一样，丁薛祥与习近平有着长期的关系。他被普遍认为是中央国家安全委员会的办公室主任，随着习近平强调有必要对国内外威胁保持警惕，这个秘密委员会的影响力已越来越大。丁薛祥也经常陪同习近平去国内外访问。
Mr. Han, the current executive vice premier, was named China’s vice president, a largely ceremonial role.
现任常务副总理韩正已被任命为中国国家副主席，这主要是个象征性的职务。
Head of the Legislature
全国人大常委会委员长
Zhao Leji, named No. 3 in the party hierarchy last fall, was approved on Friday as the head of the National People’s Congress, China’s legislature.
去年秋天晋升为中共三把手的赵乐际周五被任命为中国立法机构全国人大常委会委员长。
The legislature nominally has the power to make laws and amend the Constitution, though decisions are in reality made by top party officials. Mr. Zhao has kept a relatively low profile, but his responsibilities in recent years have been weighty: He has led the party’s discipline inspection commission, in charge of implementing Mr. Xi’s campaign against official corruption and disloyalty.
虽然中国的立法机构在名义上有制定法律、修改宪法的权力，但实际上的决策权掌握在中共领导层手中。赵乐际一直保持着相对低的姿态，但他近年来职责重大：他领导着中央纪律检查委员会，负责执行习近平打击官员腐败和不忠的运动。
That campaign has been key to Mr. Xi’s consolidation of power and purging of rivals. Before taking on the disciplinary role in 2017, Mr. Zhao was a top official in charge of party personnel issues, giving him deep experience in the party’s internal affairs.
这场运动对习近平巩固权力、清洗对手很重要。2017年担任中央纪律检查委员会书记之前，赵乐际曾是负责党内人事工作的高级官员，这让他对党内事务有着深厚的经验。
Head of Political Advisory Body
全国政协主席
At the same time as the annual legislative meeting, another group, which acts as a political advisory group to the government, also meets in Beijing. This group, called the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, will now be led by Wang Huning, the No. 4 Communist Party official.
在全国人大举行年度会议的同时，为政府提供咨询的全国政协也在北京举行年度会议。这个全名为中国人民政治协商会议的机构将由中共四号官员王沪宁领导。
In this role, Mr. Wang will oversee about 2,000 representatives who ostensibly offer political and social policy suggestions; in reality, the conference works more as a soft power force for the party, mobilizing resources and nonparty members across Chinese society to back the party’s agenda.
作为全国政协主席，王沪宁领导着大约2000名代表，他们表面上的作用是提供政治和社会政策方面的建议；但实际上，全国政协的作用更像是为中共行使软实力，动员中国社会各阶层的非党员和资源来支持中共的议程。
Mr. Wang is known as the party’s chief ideologist: He has served three consecutive top leaders in creating propaganda and writing speeches and policies. He helped shape Mr. Xi’s motto of the “Chinese Dream” — a vision of national rejuvenation, shepherded by Mr. Xi — and his political rise signals the continuation of the party’s hard-line, anti-Western policies.
王沪宁有中共意识形态总管的名声：先后在三名最高领导人手下工作，负责起草宣传、讲话和政策文件。他帮助提出了习近平提出的“中国梦”愿景，即在习近平领导下实现中华民族伟大复兴。王沪宁政治上的升迁意味着中共将继续与西方对抗的强硬政策。
Economic Czar
经济工作主管
Working closely with Mr. Li, the new premier, on reviving China’s economy will be He Lifeng, another trusted former aide to Mr. Xi.
在重振中国经济方面与新总理李强密切配合的将是习近平信赖的另一名前助手何立峰。
Mr. He, who is expected to become a vice premier overseeing economic and industrial policy, is the current head of China’s National Development and Reform Commission, the country’s economic policy planning committee. In that role, he has overseen the drafting of China’s five-year plans and large investment projects both at home and overseas.
何立峰现任中国国家发展和改革委员会主任，有望成为主管经济和产业政策的副总理。发改委负责中国的经济政策规划，在担任发改委主任期间，何立峰主持了中国的五年计划起草工作，以及国内外的大型投资项目。
Compared with the outgoing economic czar, Liu He — a Harvard-educated economist who also led trade negotiations with Washington — Mr. He has had little overseas exposure. He worked for 25 years in southern China’s Fujian Province, including on and off with Mr. Xi when he was rising through the ranks there, and then became deputy Communist Party secretary in the megacity of Tianjin.
与即将离任的经济工作主管刘鹤相比，何立峰缺乏海外经历。刘鹤曾在哈佛大学学习，主持过与美国的贸易谈判。何立峰曾在南部的福建省工作过25年（在那期间，习近平也曾在福建省工作，并不断受到提拔）。何立峰曾先后多次与习近平共事。他后来担任过直辖市天津的市委副书记。
His close ties to Mr. Xi suggest that he will be crucial to carrying out the leader’s vision of a security-oriented, state-led society, where economic growth comes second to ideology.
何立峰与习近平的密切关系表明，他将在实现最高领导人把国家安全作为重点、让国家主导社会的愿景上起到至关重要的作用，在习近平的愿景中，意识形态的重要性高于经济发展。
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